Module 2: Movement
Summary
Movement is an important part of development for infants and children.
Injury or differences in development of the brain can have life-long implications to movement function and body structure.
The most common childhood movement disability is cerebral palsy: a term that includes a wide variety of muscle tone differences, patterns of body distribution, and levels of motor function.
Learning more about movement disabilities will help school staff understand the need for accommodations to facilitate student learning and active participation.
Key Terms
- ATNR
- Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex.
- Cerebral Palsy
- An umbrella term that describes a variety of forms of non-progressive disordered movement caused by an injury or difference in the developing brain.
- Dyskinetic
- An umbrella term describing movement that is involuntary and unco-ordinated.
- Diplegia
- Lower half of the body involvement.
- GMFCS
- Gross Motor Function Classification System.
- Hemiplegia
- One side of the body involvement.
- Hip Displacement
- When the ball of the hip is not sitting well in the socket.
- Hip Dislocation
- When the ball of the hip is sitting outside of the socket.
- Hypertonia
- High muscle tone, muscles appear stiff.
- Hypotonia
- Low muscle tone, muscles appear loose and floppy.
- Muscle Tone
- The resting tension of a muscle.
- Primitive Reflexes
- Involuntary early patterns of infant movement.
- Spasticity
- Resistance of a muscle to quick movement.
- Quadriplegia
- Full body involvement.
- Scoliosis
- A sideways curve in the spine.
References and Resources
BC Cerebral Palsy Association. (2021). What’s New. Retrieved from https://www.bccerebralpalsy.com/
BC Ministry of Education. (2016). Special Education Services: A Manual of Policies, Procedures and Guidelines.(Section B.3) Retrieved from https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/administration/kindergarten-to-grade-12/inclusive/special_ed_policy_manual.pdf
CanChild. (2021). CP resources. Retrieved from https://www.canchild.ca/en/diagnoses/cerebral-palsy
CanChild. (2021). Gross Motor Function Classification System. Retrieved from https://canchild.ca/en/resources/42-gross-motor-function-classification-system-expanded-revised-gmfcs-e-r
Child Health BC. (2020). BC Hip Surveillance Program. Retrieved from https://www.childhealthbc.ca/initiatives/chbc-hip-surveillance-program-children-cerebral-palsy
Pathways.org. (2020). Infant Development.Retrieved from https://pathways.org